Overlapping Frames

Exhibition themes

Cultural Learning Framework

Curriculum

P‑10

Senior Visual Art

identity

people

personal context

memory

country and place

cultural context

community

culture and society

contemporary context

Exhibition themes

‘mudunama kundana wandaraba jarribirri’ is presented in four thematic sections. The themes, however, are not intended to be definitive or mutually exclusive. Rather, the exhibition plots Judy Watson’s 40 years of activity through these thematics, rather than a chronology, allowing viewers to bear witness to how they recur across the artist’s practice:

  • cultural identity a key thread presents Watson’s viewpoint and research-driven practice as an Aboriginal woman within a matrilineal line of strong matriarchs.
  • the archive: narratives about Australia’s dark and untold histories, and an interrogation of museum holdings in Australia and abroad.
  • feminism: exploring feminism through some of Watson’s early works, as well as her approach to collaborative practice.
  • environmentalism: focus on Country and ecosystems, particularly waterways, informed by cultural practices and scientific analyses of climate change.

Watson’s visual language emerges across the exhibition’s themes, particularly through the recurrence of:

  • Mapping: charts, topography, architectural plans, contamination/global warming data.
  • Motifs: dillybags or vessels, particularly their synergy with the womb and female forms.
  • Marks and forms: opaque white circles, shells, string, ghostly figures and apparitions.
  • Pigments: blue, according to Watson, is ‘the colour of memory’, characterised by natural indigo dyes and ultramarine; and red, with hints of ochre, is the colour of earth and blood.

Cultural Learning Framework

Cultural Learning Framework

The Cultural Learning Framework was developed by the QAGOMA Learning team in consultation with First Nations artists, Elders and young people. The framework is a suggested tool for teachers and students engaging with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultural objects and stories, to consider and adopt First Nations knowledge systems in their classrooms. The Learning team also uses this framework to develop regional and student learning programs and resources.

Through ways of knowing, being and doing, the Framework was developed as a collaboration and intends to reflect its inception.

Quotes in the following section are taken from QAGOMA Curator, Indigenous Australian Art, Katina Davidson’s essay in the mudunama kundana wandaraba jarribirri: Judy Watson exhibition publication.

ways of being — identity

‘The Waanyi, from north-west Queensland, are known as the “running water people”.’

To varying degrees, a person’s culture can be integral to their sense of identity. Being able to connect to culture through direct or indirect links to heritage and ancestors can enrich a person’s sense of belonging to a community. There is an intrinsic value in understanding histories that inform how to exist in contemporary society.

ways of knowing — memory

‘The names of cattle stations and people were ingrained into Watson’s psyche from those times [in early childhood]. Even if she hadn’t yet visited those places, these stories of where the family lived and worked became a source of connection and contemplation for Watson in years to come.’

Without privileging one form of knowledge over another, culture can be understood as much through reason and logic as it can through emotion and intuition. Similarly, memory can retain facts and be accessed through the imagination. To learn through culture requires the ability to trust sense perceptions, and a willingness to listen deeply.

Watson poetically refers to blue as the ‘colour of memory’ washing over her. Prussian blue and ultramarine pigments, indigo dyes and blue-toned patinas feature across her paintings, prints and sculptures.

ways of doing — community

‘Every decision Watson makes is informed by layers of understanding; cultural, political and social.’

Culture is never static, meaning it exists in a continual state of transformation. To practise culture as an active participant in a community involves engaging with shared histories and constant change. Collaboration is particularly important in researching, experimenting, problem-solving and refining creative expressions of culture.

Curriculum

P-10 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Cross-curriculum Priorities

People

Research the family structures, particularly the strong matrilineal connections, that are evident in Watson’s artwork. Consider the local, national and international significance of Judy Watson as an artist, mentor, researcher and educator.

Country and Place

Explore the distinct connection to and responsibility for Country through artworks by Judy Watson that refer to the environment. Consider how land, sea, sky and waterways from north-west Queensland’s Gulf Country and other sites have influenced Watson’s practice.

Culture

Find opportunities to engage with language and poetry through the exhibition’s title, artwork titles and the exhibition publication. Develop an awareness and appreciation of the resilience of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples through studying the historic and contemporary impacts of colonisation.

Senior Visual Art — Contexts

Contemporary context

  • How does Judy Watson’s research enable her to reveal hidden histories?
  • How does Judy Watson challenge contemporary audiences to value and better understand First Nations’ perspectives on the impacts of colonisation?
  • How does Judy Watson’s collaborative process enable her to introduce new approaches to communicating meaning through public art?
  • How has Judy Watson’s interrogation of collecting institutions demonstrated the role of contemporary artists locally and globally?
  • How does Judy Watson invite audiences to learn and reflect on current issues, such as climate change, feminism and racial injustice?

Personal context

  • How does Judy Watson’s practice draw upon her matrilineal connection to the Waanyi people?
  • How do the curatorial themes of cultural identity, the archive, feminism and environmentalism combine to provide audiences with an understanding of Judy Watson’s philosophy across 40 years of practice?
  • How does the considered aesthetic experience of engaging with Judy Watson’s artworks provide audiences with space to construct their own personal readings and understandings?
  • How does Judy Watson convey a sense of self and/or a sense of personal connection?
  • How has Judy Watson’s position as an established artist with a 40-year career influenced other artists and the broader community?
  • How does Judy Watson combine research with personal and family stories to communicate meaning?

Cultural context

  • How does culture influence Judy Watson’s practice as an artist, researcher and mentor?
  • How does Judy Watson’s practice communicate a profound respect for Traditional Owners and knowledge holders?
  • How does Judy Watson invite audiences to question changing values?
  • How do Judy Watson’s references to historical and contemporary events reflect community interests/concerns?
  • How does Judy Watson question societal conventions for marginalised groups?
  • How does Judy Watson’s use of Waanyi language and lower-case typology influence readings of her artworks?

Formal context

  • How does Judy Watson use a range of media to work from the ‘ground up’, or offer perspectives looking over or up through landscapes/waterways?
  • How does Judy Watson employ colour aesthetically and symbolically?
  • How does Judy Watson’s layering of archival and scientific information influence the impact and interpretation of her artworks?
  • How do Judy Watson’s compositional decisions break from standard approaches to displaying artworks in galleries and in public spaces?
  • How does Judy Watson draw upon visual allusions, metaphors and motifs to create a visual language that can be read across her artworks?
  • How does Judy Watson extend her aesthetic across a diverse range of media?

truth-telling

At the core of this Learning Resource is a recognition of the important role that art and education play in truth-telling at a critical time for reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Meaningful study of Judy Watson’s oeuvre will reveal stories of massacres and exploitation, stolen and damaged cultural heritage, environmental pollution and a feminism embodied by a strong lineage of Aboriginal women.

In Queensland, the introduction of ‘The Act’ — the Aboriginals Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act 1897, and subsequent amendments and legislation — led to the forced removal of Indigenous people from their lands. The policy moved people of diverse language groups to Church or Government-controlled missions and reserves in an aim to obliterate culture. It was not until almost a century later, in 1991, that the main tenants of the original Act, with amendments, were replaced with the Aboriginal Land Act 1991 and Torres Strait Islander Act 1991, meaning that Queensland Government legislation to control Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, lands and seas was revoked only 32 years ago.

Teachers and students are warned that this resource includes details about massacres of Aboriginal people, and addresses lasting intergenerational trauma, including information about Judy Watson’s family history of great-great-grandmother Rosie surviving a massacre at Lawn Hill as a child.

Waanyi Country

‘Judy Watson paints the country not from outside it but within it’.

Judy Watson maintains an abiding connection to her Waanyi Country in north-west Queensland.1

The Waanyi homelands stretch from deep into the Northern Territory and west into Queensland, across Boodjamulla (Lawn Hill) National Park, to the small township of Gregory (formerly Gregory Downs) in the east. Major waterways — Cliffdale Creek, Nicholson River, Lawn Hill Creek and the Gregory River — crisscross this territory whose southern border follows the bends of the O’Shannassy River.2 Sites of significance for Watson on Waanyi Country are Lawn Hill Gorge, and Lawn Hill Station and Riversleigh Station, two pastoral stations that became ‘workplaces’ for many Aboriginal people in the area.3

Judy Watson / Waanyi people / Australia b.1959 / grandmother’s song 2007 / Pigment and pastel on canvas / Purchased 2007 with funds from Margaret Greenidge through the Queensland Art Gallery Foundation and the Queensland Art Gallery Foundation Grant / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art / © Judy Watson. Licensed by Viscopy, 2016

Judy Watson / Waanyi people / Australia b.1959 / grandmother’s song 2007 / Pigment and pastel on canvas / Purchased 2007 with funds from Margaret Greenidge through the Queensland Art Gallery Foundation and the Queensland Art Gallery Foundation Grant / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art / © Judy Watson. Licensed by Viscopy, 2016 / View full image

cultural identity

A key thread presents Watson’s viewpoint and research-driven practice as an Aboriginal woman within a matrilineal line of strong matriarchs.

Learn more
Judy Watson / Waanyi people / Australia b.1959 / burnt shield 2002 / Synthetic polymer paint, ash, charcoal on canvas / 190 x 118cm (unstretched) / Purchased 2003. The Queensland Government’s special Centenary Fund / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art / © Judy Watson/Licensed by Viscopy, 2013

Judy Watson / Waanyi people / Australia b.1959 / burnt shield 2002 / Synthetic polymer paint, ash, charcoal on canvas / 190 x 118cm (unstretched) / Purchased 2003. The Queensland Government’s special Centenary Fund / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art / © Judy Watson/Licensed by Viscopy, 2013 / View full image

the archive

Narratives about Australia’s dark and untold histories, and an interrogation of museum holdings in Australia and abroad.

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Judy Watson / Waanyi people / Australia b.1959 / driftnet 1998 / pigment, synthetic string, stringy bark, twine on canvas / 180.0 × 136.0 cm / Purchased, 1999 / National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne

Judy Watson / Waanyi people / Australia b.1959 / driftnet 1998 / pigment, synthetic string, stringy bark, twine on canvas / 180.0 × 136.0 cm / Purchased, 1999 / National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne / View full image

feminism

Exploring feminism through some of Watson’s early works, as well as her approach to collaborative practice.

Learn more
Judy Watson / Waanyi people / Australia b.1959 / wanami 2019 / Pigment and synthetic polymer paint on canvas / 245 x 181cm / The James C. Sourris AM Collection

Judy Watson / Waanyi people / Australia b.1959 / wanami 2019 / Pigment and synthetic polymer paint on canvas / 245 x 181cm / The James C. Sourris AM Collection / View full image

environmentalism

Focus on Country and ecosystems, particularly waterways, informed by cultural practices and scientific analyses of climate change.

Learn more

Endnotes

1. Hetti Perkins, ‘Judy Watson’, The First Asia Pacific Triennial of Contemporary Art [exhibition catalogue], Queensland Art Gallery, Brisbane, 1993, p.110.

2. National Native Title Tribunal, ‘QCD2010/007‑ Waanyi Peoples’, National Native Title Tribunal, viewed October 2023.

3. Department of Environment and Science, ‘Lawn Hill Gorge, Boodjamulla (Lawn Hill) National Park’, 30 June 2023, Queensland Government, viewed October 2023.